What complication can arise from inadequate pain control in postoperative patients?

Inadequate pain control in postoperative patients can lead to shallow breathing and atelectasis, which is the collapse of part or all of a lung. When patients experience significant pain, especially in the chest or abdominal region, they are less likely to take deep breaths or cough effectively. This can result in reduced lung expansion, leading to poor ventilation of the alveoli and, consequently, atelectasis.

Furthermore, shallow breathing can hinder the clearance of secretions from the respiratory tract, increasing the risk of respiratory complications like pneumonia. Therefore, effective pain management is crucial in promoting deeper breaths and encouraging regular coughing, which are essential for maintaining proper lung function and preventing complications after surgery.