A patient recovering from surgery with a history of deep vein thrombosis is at risk for pulmonary embolism (PE). What signs should the nurse monitor for?

Monitoring for signs of a pulmonary embolism (PE) is crucial in patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as these patients are particularly susceptible to this complication. The clinical signs that are indicative of PE often include respiratory and cardiovascular changes.

Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is one of the hallmark symptoms of a PE, as the blockage in the pulmonary arteries can hinder blood flow and oxygen exchange in the lungs. Tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) commonly occurs as the body attempts to compensate for the reduced oxygenation. Tachycardia (increased heart rate) also develops as the heart works harder to maintain adequate circulation in light of the decreased oxygen supply to the tissues. These three symptoms—dyspnea, tachypnea, and tachycardia—form a triad that is often associated with the acute onset of a pulmonary embolism, making their presence critical for early detection and intervention.

Other options do not characterize the typical presentation of a PE as accurately. While hypotension and bradycardia may indicate cardiovascular issues, they are not classic signs of PE. Dizziness and fatigue can result from numerous causes, including general post-surgical recovery, and are too nonspecific to indicate PE